Ultimate book of business letters pdf

It also justifies the study. The author in this chapter attempts to analyze the study in these divisions: background to the study, statement of the problem, aims and objectives of the study, research hypothesis, research questions, significance of the study, limitations of the study and the conceptual and theoretic frameworks. It is a brief overview of the problem the researcher aspires to tackle.

Background information plays a major role in research. Though it borrows a lot from the literature review, it is a summary of the information in the literature review. An effective background should get the reader concerned about the problem, excited about the opportunity of having the problem addressed and interested in the eventual solution proposed by the research. Steps in Writing an Effective Background to the Study The following steps are essential in writing an effective background.

The identification of the variables will assists in locating the relevant literature related to the research problem. This literature will assist in background formulation. The challenges related to the selected topic should also be reflected in the selected literature. The researcher should note down essential information related to the topic. Challenges Faced in Writing an Effective Background. There are various challenges that researchers experience in writing an effective background.

While the literature review expounds on various studies related to the area of study, the background should be a short summary briefly expounding on factors that have brought about the need for the study and opportunities for improvement. Yet this section should give a brief overview of the research problem. This involves the use of jargon such as slang, trendy words, abbreviations, colloquial expressions, redundant phrases and confusing language.

A research problem refers to an issue or concern that puzzles the researcher. This may be due to its effect or consistence despite measures taken. For example, a researcher may be puzzled as to why beer consumption is still high despite the increase in prices. A researcher may also wonder why the rate of schools dropouts is still high in rural areas despite free primary education.

These are concerns that may result in the formulation of a research question. The statement of the problem captures in a single sentence or paragraph the essence of your study.

It is concise. The reader is made aware that there is a definite issue that needs to be solved. This is mainly because the problem stands out clearly and is easily recognized. No poetic, comical or emotional language is used. Steps in Writing an Effective Statement of the Problem There are various steps that should be taken in order to write an effective research problem. Everyday practices and experiences usually bring up questions the researcher wants to answer.

These are fertile ground for identifying the research problem. Why is this a problem? The researcher should use the statement of the problem to show that the research is definitely needed.

Its solution is felt need. Capable of definite solution based on adequate actual data. Significance of the problem must confirm to one or more of the following criteria - Timely - Relates to practical problem - Relates to a wide population - Relates to an influential or critical problem - Fills a research gap - Permits generalizations to broad principles of social interaction or general theory - Sharpens the definitions of an important concepts or relationship Challenges Faced in Articulating the Research Problem a Defining the research problem — One problem faced by researchers is stating the research problem is lack of clarity.

The issue being addressed is hardly noticeable in the research problem. Let us take the example of Problems faced by street children in Nairobi. In this statement the reader will not be made aware of the definite issue that needs to be solved.

This is mainly because the problem is not clearly stated. There are many problems faced by street children both social, economic and health related. For example, in the study on the impact of abortion on education, the problem may be that little has been done to create awareness on the effect of abortion in schools. The literature review should attempt to clarify what is raised in the problem statement. The research problem should have an influence on the topic being investigated. The problem at times lacks any supportive evidence that is not tackled; the repercussions could be serious for the country in general and individuals in particular.

Some of the emotionally identified problems cannot be easily investigated through the collection and analysis of data. Sample Statements of the Problem Abortion in Kenya: An examination of its causes and effects on female students in secondary schools and colleges.

The overall research problem addressed in this study is that despite an increase in the number of female students in secondary schools and colleges procuring abortion, little had been done to analyze the impact of abortion on education.

Studies carried out in Kenya indicate that roughly , abortions occur annually in Kenya among adolescents of ages 15 to 19 Njau and Radney, Abortion is also documented as one of the most common reasons for admission of female teenagers in Kenyan hospitals, with about women dying each week as a result of complications arising from illegal abortions Lema and Njau, Nevertheless, the impact of abortion on schools retention and performance has hardly been analyzed.

This in the long run will make it difficult for Kenya to achieve gender equity in education. Factors influencing effective communication in event management services industry in Kenya: A case study of Safariquip Limited. The hiring service sector in Kenya is a business sector that fully depends on its clients for its success and development. The attitude of clients towards the companies can either help increase or decrease the profit margin. Several meetings and workshops have been held within the hiring sector to improve on communication techniques.

However, despite various meetings, complaints have been made in relation to poor language use among the workers and between the workers and clients. There have also been complains due to unhealthy competition among workers and among the various departments. This has contributed to poor teamwork and hostility. It was pointed out that the various departments were not communicating effectively and these had contributed to low sales.

Some of the seasoned customers had opted for other hiring firms Safariquip Magazine, The company was losing a lot of sales. There were also delays and damages caused in delivering items, broken promises and lack of cooperation among various departments. Although training had been carried out by Safariquip to develop and help workers achieve appropriate interaction amongst themselves and among clients, factors contributing to poor communication and its effect on the industry has not been assessed.

However, since communication had a lot of influence on sale of services within this industry, it was necessary to find out the factors affecting effective communication at Safariquip Limited. Its priority in the country and in the local area and to point out why the proposed research on the problem should be undertaken. Objectives help the researcher to keep to the scope of the study by defining the area of knowledge that the researcher is focusing on.

Objectives are intentions or purposes stated in specific measurable terms. They provide opportunities for evaluating the end results. In research, an objective is a specific statement relating to the defined aim of the study.

They specify what the researcher will do in the study. Objectives are operational. They state specific tasks that will be carried out by the researcher to accomplish the aims of the study. The tasks that will be carried out by the researcher to accomplish the aims of the study. These tasks are measurable. This assists the researcher to avoid the collection of data, which are not strictly necessary for understanding and solving the problem identified. This is necessary for valid outcomes.

They assist the researcher to be precise about what to accomplish. They help organize the study in clearly defined parts or phrases. This helps in the evaluation of the study. They serve as a guide for evaluation. Some unity in emphasis and some common focus are needed to achieve the goal of the study.

This facilitates sequencing. They should also cover the different aspects of the problem and its contributing factors in a coherent way and in a logical sequence.

They should systematically address the various aspects of the problem, particularly the key factors that are assumed to influence or cause the problem. Specific objectives should relate to all these aspects. Formulation — The researcher should write down the specific objectives ensuring that they are measurable and if accomplished will answer the research question. Evaluation — After the formulation of objectives, the researcher should attempt to answer the following questions: Do the objectives address all parts of the research problem?

Do the objectives measure what is being researched? Are the objectives feasible? If too ambitious, could the scope of the study be reduced? Answers to these questions will assist the researcher formulate effective objectives.

These include the following: a Lack of clarity — In some studies, the objectives are not clearly articulated. The objectives do not focus clearly what the study hopes to accomplish. The scope may also be too wide. Objectives stated by non-action verbs such as, to appreciate, to understand or to study, are difficult to assess.

An investigation of resources women farmers use to enhance household food security: A case study of Embu district, Kenya. In this study, the specific objectives were to: a Determine the demographic characteristics of the respondents, b Determine the status of food availability in Embu district.

Factors affecting food selection, intake and nutritional status of the elderly in Mathare slums in Nairobi, Kenya. In this study the objectives were: a To determine the nutritional status of the elderly in Mathare slums. One notable fact among these objectives is that they are specific.

There is something the researchers want to determine, to establish, to identify and to investigate. The objectives therefore clearly state what the researchers will do in order to fulfill the purpose of the study.

These objectives can be evaluated. These objectives also narrow the study to essentials. They are phrased in operational terms, specifying exactly what each researcher will do. The objectives stated are realistic and achievable. It is not uncommon to have more that one objective to satisfy your research aim. In simple terms the aim and objectives are interrelated. The aim is what you want to achieve, and the objective describes how you are going to achieve that aim. They are related to the research objectives.

These questions guide the research process by addressing the variables of the study. Match each objective with a research Question. Research Hypothesis A hypothesis is a guess or an assumption. It is a tentative explanation for certain behaviour patterns, phenomena, or events that have occurred or will occur. For example, price increase influences commodity consumption.

This is only a guess. It may or may not be true, or it may be applicable to some commodities and not others. In this guess, a relationship is perceived between price increase and commodity consumption. It therefore has to be verified. In research, a hypothesis is a statement that describes an unknown but tentatively reasonable outcome for the existing phenomenon.

It is a tentative answer to what the researcher considers as ought to be the possible outcome of an existing problem or phenomenon. It is likely solution to a problem being studied, which is advanced before the actual research is undertaken. We can therefore conclude that hypothesis as educated guesses about possible differences, relationships or causes of research problems. They state what the researcher thinks the outcome of the study will be.

Types of Hypothesis There are three types of hypothesis: the conceptual, research and statistical hypothesis. These are mainly ideas that can never be directly tested because they cannot be measured.

They must be operationalized or made measurable before they are tested. For example, discipline facilitates academic achievement or negative attitudes retard development. An experimental research hypothesis states expected relationships between independent and dependent variables. For example, rewards after an accomplishment of a task will increase the frequency of the performance of the task. This is an example of an experimental research hypothesis.

For example, a teacher notes that students who complete the mathematics examinations half an hour before the expected time usually perform poorly as compared to those who complete in the expected time.

The teacher may decide to investigate the relationship between the number of minutes needed to complete an examination and the score on the examination. The teacher may use the data to determine whether there is a significant negative relationship between these two variables. The research hypothesis may be formulated as follows: The length of time needed to complete the mathematics examination will be negatively correlated with the score on the examination for students. This hypothesis is a guess about the value of a population parameter or about the relationship between values of two or more parameters the hypothesis is testing.

The statistical hypotheses consist of the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis H1. An example of a statistical hypotheses can be stated as following: The mean different scores in Sociology by students in the Institute of Open Learning and those in the Department of Sociology at Nairobi university is zero. The aim of testing is to show that the hypothesis is false and thereby accept the alternative hypothesis.

The null hypothesis refers to the guess the researcher tests and hopes to prove wrong, reject or nullify. The null hypothesis states that no relationship exists between the variables studied. Confirmation of the research hypothesis is based on rejecting the null. This book helps you understand how your subconscious mind may be undermining your efforts. The authors go into great detail about the theories around this issue. They go on to provide solutions to overcome the power of the subconscious mind.

The Answer stands out from other popular business books because it avoids the usual get-rich-quick nonsense. Instead, it challenges you to figure out how your subconscious is limiting you and keeping you stuck, regardless of your goals.

Among other factors, this is due to a lack of originality and creativity in solving problems. In this book, Thiel takes on the trend of starting businesses that already exist and tears down the copycat mentality.

He challenges the reader to focus on innovation. Thiel calls for a mind shift that looks to the future needs of the world. He explains the power and advantage that monopolies hold compared to companies that compete for market share.

For those looking for the next big idea, this is the book to read. Building from his own experience and that of other professionals he reveals that matching passion to a job is not enough. Instead, he argues that passion comes later — after you work hard to build skill and excellence in your chosen profession.

If you're thinking about starting a business, this book will help you gain perspective on work, passion, and living a fulfilling life. Ray Kroc shares his secrets and drive to change the world in Grinding It Out. He explains how his life changed at the age of 52 when he got into the automation of the food industry. This innovation fast-tracked the explosive growth of McDonald's. One of the best business biographies, this book will teach you about resilience and persistence.

And Kroc is not shy about revealing the mistakes he has made in his personal life and business. This book is not only motivational but also a call to action for those who have yet to make a mark in their field. Psycho-Cybernetics provides readers with a different approach to success. Therefore, they end up never being successful. The main theme of the book is how to cultivate a productive mind and create success by changing your mental attitude.

Maltz speaks about how critical it is for you to prepare appropriately and detach from the outcome. This way, you will perform better and live in the moment.

In this awesome business book, Mark Manson provides a counter-argument to the positive-thinking movement. He describes how acceptance of reality, including negative feelings and circumstances, is the best way to achieve happiness and success.

The best entrepreneur books are often those which help people gain the confidence to follow their own path, regardless of what others think. This book is designed to help you do just that. In the hands of an expert, advertising is the key that propels a business from zero sales to unimaginable profits.

Eugene Schwartz breaks down every step of creating an ad, from writing an irresistible headline to removing objections. Breakthrough Advertising goes deep into the emotional factors causing people to buy, and how to influence them with your ad copy. This book is considered among the top marketing books of all time for a reason — the advice in Breakthrough Advertising will take your copywriting to the next level, even when applied to modern platforms.

This book makes you rethink emotions, expectations and social norms and how they provoke your behavior. Unlike most books on human behavior, Predictably Irrational does not dive too deeply into statistics.

Instead, Ariely uses everyday scenarios to illustrate how emotions, patterns of thinking, and environment determine our choices. And he teaches how to break free of these hidden forces to make better decisions. As marketing content floods online spaces, businesses are now, more than ever, looking for ways to create content that stands out. In this book, Garrett Moon looks at drawing traffic to your business with compelling content that outshines your competitors.

Moon describes the strategies he used in starting and growing CoSchedule. The marketing book does not give sugar-coated solutions. Instead, it demonstrates how to gain traction for your content quickly. It also dismisses the myth that you need a big budget to create highly engaging content. Check out my interview with Garrett Moon. Schwartz shares a detailed and precise method to open a path to success in every area of your life.

Whether you are intellectual or not, the book will ensure you understand the habits of behaving and thinking that foster success. This book helps you identify the causes of failure and cultivate the right attitude to excel. It will help revive your inner potential and motivate you to overcome obstacles. In Master Content Marketing , Pamela Wilson takes the reader through a step-by-step process to unlock the secrets of creating online content, as a highly-effective marketing tool, and one of our favorite online business models.

The design makes it easy to implement, with checklists and strategies to get results right away. The writing is simple and friendly enough to take all your content writing fears away. Wilson teaches how to create content that is highly relevant, useful, and engaging to your audience — and how to do it consistently. Listen to this interview with Pamela Wilson to learn about her highly-effective content marketing strategy. Start With Why, presented by Simon Sinek, is among the best leadership books to illustrate a new theory of success.

Sinek compares successful people and ties them to a common motivation as the driver behind their excellent leadership. Sinek argues the drive that steered leaders like Steve Jobs and the Wright brothers was not profit. Whether you want to inspire or be inspired, this book provides many stories and examples about great leaders and why they were so influential. This book challenges standard advertising methods and introduces a bold new approach. Bill Glazer uses real-life examples to show how independent and ingenious thinking can transform a business.

The book centers around boosting profits while sustaining a customer base that is hooked to your advertising messages. It provides lifelong advertising guidelines and acts as a reference book for any time you feel stuck.

William Ury presents solid strategies for when you find yourself up against an adversarial negotiating partner. He shows you how to determine what your opponent truly wants, and use that to move towards an agreement. His highly actionable advice will help you become a more effective negotiator, even in the toughest situations. If you're looking for the best books to learn business, be sure to include Getting Past No to sharpen your negotiating skills.

This is an easy-to-read and engaging book that will put you in a better position for negotiating in any situation. Voss invites you into his head and shares the techniques he used during his career as an FBI agent. This book is a must read for those who need a competitive edge during high-stakes business negotiations. Scott Adams, the creator of the long-running syndicated comic strip, Dilbert, narrates his life story in this engaging book.

He explains how he failed at almost everything he set out do, but learned valuable lessons with every attempt. The book outlines how to use systems instead of goals to increase your odds of success. This is probably one of the most entertaining business books to read. It provides not only comic relief, but solid advice on getting up after failure, acquiring new skills, and managing energy to achieve great things.

Decisive is a decision-making guide thoroughly researched and brilliantly presented by Chip and Dan Heath. The authors argue that humans are prone to faulty decision making, due to the nature of our brains.

This book will teach you how to eliminate biases and irrational thoughts from your process. With the tools in this book, you can make smarter decisions and get better results in all areas of your life. Many of the best books to read for business take universal concepts and apply them to marketing.

In this book, Scott Adams takes on the power of persuasion and shows how you can use it in advertising and marketing. Borrowing examples from politics, Win Bigly carefully dissects cases where persuasion was used to pull votes. Adams highlights the techniques that worked in politics and demonstrates how to apply them in your business and personal life. He argues that instead of stating facts, you should always lean towards the desired outcome when trying to win people over to your cause.

Dan Kennedy is a serial entrepreneur, who has built multiple businesses through direct response marketing. In this book, he reveals the secrets he used to create mail-order, infomercial, and direct mail sales campaigns, and shows you how to apply them to any business. Kennedy has written the best small business books to help entrepreneurs take control of their sales process.

As he says in the title, Kennedy teaches the principles of bold marketing, directly to customers — that's how to create and sell online courses. These fundamentals can be applied in any medium — making this a timeless must-read for marketing professionals and entrepreneurs alike.

Dan Kennedy presents keys to transform your sales strategies and help you attract more customers in a crowded global marketplace. It also talks about preparing for adverse outcomes to increase resilience. Many of the ideologies laid out are applicable even outside the business world. Since trust is in short supply and competition is higher than ever, Kennedy teaches how to build trust, and stand out.

Kiyosaki uses the stories of two influential figures in his early life to illustrate how some people create wealth, and others remain poor. In this classic business book, he pinpoints the thought patterns and beliefs that get in the way of financial success. These include lack of knowledge about investments, and the idea that employment is the only way to earn a living. Kiyosaki encourages parents to expose their children to the business world at a young age, as opposed to emphasizing school.

He also looks at untapped opportunities in real estate investing while providing a guide on how to start and own businesses. Rich Dad Poor Dad is on many lists of top ten business books because it covers fundamentals of creating wealth that everyone can learn from.

Regardless of your profession or age, Rich Dad Poor Dad can help you improve your financial status. The 10X Rule by Grant Cardone is a motivational book that will steer you out of your comfort zone and into action.

Cardone presents an argument that for extreme success, individuals have to do more and not settle for mediocrity. The book teaches you how to go beyond the three degrees of action: no action, retreat, and common action. The fourth degree of action is the 10X rule — massive action to achieve massive results.

Malcolm Gladwell aims to cut through the myths of success by looking at not only traits but origin and environment of the highly successful. He handpicks high achievers and explains how their culture, background, and other factors made them who they are today. He also dispels the myth of natural talent by citing those considered to be geniuses in their fields. In most cases, 10, hours of practice led them to mastery.

The stability and longevity of any business depend on the ability of its owner to adapt to changes in the business world. As the world shifts gears to the digital space, entrepreneurs must also move their marketing to digital platforms. Gary Vaynerchuk explains the best way to do that. With an entertaining yet straightforward style — the king of motivational quotes — Gary Vaynerchuk breaks down existing social media platforms. He shows how each one can be used to market your business. The book also includes voices from successful entrepreneurs to show how each platform helped them increase profits.

In a brilliantly packaged book, Brunson explains why low traffic and conversions may not be the real problem with your online presence. He reveals how to use sales funnels to turn followers into loyal customers and in turn, grow your business.

Dotcom Secrets is among the best business strategy books about digital marketing. The book puts together business advice and real-life examples of what works and what does not.

While the online space is flooded with products similar to yours, this book explains how to make your message different. If you are struggling to create convincing and persuasive marketing content, this book is precisely what you need. In this book, Ryan Deiss gives a simple framework to take the guesswork out of email marketing.

He provides practical techniques that you can implement right away in your email campaigns. The book dissects this powerful marketing tool and breaks it down into five steps, each leading into the next. With the system in this book, you can automate your sales process and watch your business grow. If you're looking for the best business books for beginners to email marketing and those who want to execute on their online business ideas , you can't go wrong with Invisible Selling Machine.

Hear more from Ryan Deiss in this interview. In this book, Chris Brogan and Julien Smith reveal how to break the mold and craft unique and impactful content. The book emphasizes the importance of honesty and articulation to build powerful connections with your audience. You can apply The Impact Equation to everything from blog posts to YouTube videos, to social media posts. If you want your online content to have a meaningful outcome, read this book.

Want to learn how to start a blog? It is easy to burn out when starting a business, as a lone operator trying to do everything yourself.

Chris Ducker explains how to get help from affordable alternatives by outsourcing. In this guide to hiring and working with virtual staff, you will learn how to gain back your time and freedom as your business continues to grow.

This book proves you do not need a big budget or staff to start pursuing your dreams. Ari Meisel and Nick Sonnenberg tell the story of how they turned an idea into a functioning business in just 24 hours — without spending any money.

Meisel and Sonnenberg reveal the strategies of outsourcing, automating, and optimizing to launch and operate a business with maximum efficiency. In a perfect world, most people wish they could work fewer hours and earn more money.

In this book, Sam Carpenter shows you how to turn this wishful thinking into reality. Carpenter shares his story of becoming frustrated in his business — working all the time and still not getting ahead. He realized that instead of reacting to problems, he could eliminate them by establishing and improving systems for everything.

These revelations have been captured in this inspiring book. This book will show you that thinking of life as a series of interconnected systems can create order and eliminate chaos. Whether you are looking for top management books or simply to improve your productivity, Work the System will help you. Richard Koch demonstrates in this book that 80 percent of your output depends on 20 percent of the effort that you put in it. It can also help you identify the 20 percent of customers that contribute to 80 percent of your profits.

This principle has been crucial to my success and the success of HTE. For example, over the past few months, we've begun to focus on SEO and getting our articles on the first page of Google. In this book, Harry Browne pokes holes in myths around what makes a good salesperson. He shows the reader why selling is not necessarily an inborn trait. This book dissects the personality traits said to provide a natural advantage in sales and shows how they can be a liability.

Instead, Browne introduces the power of paying attention to potential customers and why honesty instead of flamboyance wins clients.

The book also explains why it is vital to know the motivation behind potential customers, and how to use this motivation to make an effective sales pitch. It is one thing to run a successful business and another to create lasting wealth. Felix Dennis understands the difference between the two and explains it in this book.

He tears down the concept of humility and considers public failure to be a sign of growth and not humiliation. He also believes that the ability to make money can be learned, regardless of circumstance, and that anyone can learn to do it. Get it on Amazon. If you can master the art of persuasion, you can reach unimaginable heights in your business. The One Sentence Persuasion Course is one of the top business books to quickly learn this important skill. Blair Warren shares the secrets of persuasion, researched obsessively for more than a decade, in this short but powerful book.

He distills his highly effective methods into one practical sentence. This book teaches you to use persuasive language not only in marketing but in any situation where you want people to take action. The teachings in the book are profound but they offer simple and practical ways to live with purpose. Aurelius wrote about how to be selfless, let go of unnecessary emotions, and focus on what truly matters in life. John Caples focuses on small businesses and looks at ways of creating affordable advertising that gets results.

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